Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 题解

题目来源: Binary Tree Inorder Traversal

> Given a binary tree, return the inorder traversal of its nodes' values. For example: Given binary tree {1,#,2,3}, 1 2 / 3 return [1,3,2]. Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

解题思路:

思路一: 直接递归(略)

思路二: 用stack.

vector<int> inorderNormal(TreeNode * root)
{
    vector<int> result;
    stack<TreeNode*> stacks;
    TreeNode * cur = root;
    while(true)
    {
        if(cur != NULL)
        {
            stacks.push(cur);
            cur = cur->left;
        }else
        {
            if(stacks.empty()) break;
            cur = stacks.top(); stacks.pop();
            result.push_back(cur->val);
            if(stacks.empty())
                break;
            cur = cur->right;

        }
    }
    return move(result);
}
vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode *root)
{
    if(root == NULL) return vector<int>();
    return inorderNormal(root);
}

思路三: Morris遍历. O(1)空间 + O(n)时间

利用线索二叉树, 利用叶子节点的空指针指向前驱后继来记住状态。算法仍参考Morris Traversal,里面讲了详细的案例。

具体算法如下:

步骤:
1. 如果当前节点的左孩子为空,则输出当前节点并将其右孩子作为当前节点。
2. 如果当前节点的左孩子不为空,在当前节点的左子树中找到当前节点在中序遍历下的前驱节点。
   a) 如果前驱节点的右孩子为空,将它的右孩子设置为当前节点。当前节点更新为当前节点的左孩子。
   b) 如果前驱节点的右孩子为当前节点,将它的右孩子重新设为空(恢复树的形状)。输出当前节点。当前节点更新为当前节点的右孩子。
3. 重复以上1、2直到当前节点为空。
vector<int> inorderMorris(TreeNode * root)
{
    vector<int> result;
    TreeNode * cur = root;
    while(NULL != cur)
    {
        if(cur->left == NULL)
        {
            result.push_back(cur->val);
            cur = cur->right;
        }else
        {
            auto pre = cur->left;
            while(pre->right != NULL && pre->right != cur)
                pre = pre->right;
            if(pre->right == NULL)
            {
                pre->right = cur;
                cur = cur->left;
            }else //reset
            {
                pre->right = NULL;
                result.push_back(cur->val);
                cur = cur->right;
            }
        }
    }
    return move(result);
}

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